Menopause involves a gradual decline in three key hormones: oestrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. This hormonal shift affects the entire body and can significantly impact quality of life if it is not well understood or properly supported.

The most common symptoms

Many women begin to notice small memory lapses or struggle to find the right words. This is known as brain fog, one of the most common symptoms of menopause and, at the same time, one of the least discussed in medical consultations.

Mood changes are also common. You may feel more irritable, unmotivated, emotionally exhausted, or experience anxiety without any apparent cause.

Hot flushes are, probably, the best-known symptom. They manifest as a sudden, intense sensation of heat that can be accompanied by sweating and, sometimes, chills. When they occur at night, they can disrupt sleep and cause fatigue during the day.

Another common symptom is vaginal dryness. The decline in oestrogen causes tissues to become thinner and more sensitive, which can cause discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse. Urinary problems may also arise, such as increased frequency of urination, a burning sensation, or small leaks of urine.

Sleep is also commonly affected. Many women have difficulty falling asleep or wake up several times during the night. Added to this are the metabolic changes typical of this stage, which promote an increase in abdominal fat. Skin can become drier, hair finer and more fragile, and nails more prone to breaking.

Finally, some women experience palpitations — the sensation that the heart is beating faster or more intensely than usual.

Available treatments

Menopause hormone therapy (MHT) is the most effective treatment for relieving symptoms. Its aim is to replace the hormones the body stops producing.

However, every woman experiences menopause differently, so treatment must be tailored individually. There is no single option that works for everyone.

When vaginal or urinary symptoms predominate, a local low-dose oestrogen treatment may be recommended, which can be used alone or alongside hormone therapy.

Beyond hormone treatment

Lifestyle habits also play a fundamental role. Following a balanced diet, exercising regularly — beneficial for bones, the heart, the brain, and emotional wellbeing — and practising relaxation techniques such as yoga or mindful breathing can help you navigate this stage with greater wellbeing.

Every experience of menopause is different. There is no right or wrong way to go through it; what matters is finding the approach that works best for you.